Conditions in the Pawaga area of Tanzania, where temperatures are high and rainfall low, are harsh for the 15,935 people (expected to rise to 22,500 by 2026) in the 6 villages not served by Phase 1, for whom this is home. It is a malarial area and the only permanent source of water is the heavily contaminated Little Ruaha River. In addition sanitation is inadequate and there is a general lack of awareness of health and hygiene issues, hence general health and productivity are poor.

The Phase I distribution main and treatment works will be expanded. This involves laying 56km of pipe and constructing13 storage tanks. Domestic water points will be provided in each village. The project will also include community health/hygiene seminars, and groups of women from each village will be trained in the construction of concrete pit latrine slabs, enabling them to continue as small businesses after project completion. Community members will be actively involved in construction work.