European beavers (Castor fiber) were once widespread throughout Scotland but by the 16th century had been hunted into extinction. T The UK is one of the few countries in Europe that have not yet re-introduced the beaver. Consequently, Scotland has been missing a key component in its freshwater ecosystems for over 400 years. Scotland’s freshwater ecosystems evolved over many thousands of years, with the beaver playing an important part in this system. This project aims to return the beaver to where it belongs, as a “keystone” species in Scotland’s natural environment. This project is a partnership involving The Scottish Wildlife Trust and The Royal Zoological Society of Scotland. The skills and experience within both organisations complement each other very well in the planning and practical aspects of the project.